Iindaba

Ngaba uhlala ukhathazwa kukususwa nokufakwa kwezigqubuthelo zetshasi ngexesha lokulungiswa kwegumbi leseva, ukulungiswa kwezixhobo, okanye ukuphuculwa kwetshasi? Iibholithi zemveli zifuna izixhobo ezifana neewrench kunye neescrewdriver, ezithatha ixesha ukuzifumana, kunzima ukuzifaka nokuzisusa, kwaye zinokukhokelela kwiibholithi ezikrazukileyo okanye izigqubuthelo eziguqukileyo ngenxa yezixhobo ezingafanelekanga, okulibazisa inkqubela yokugcinwa. Ngoku, ibholithi yephiko lentsimbi engagqwaliyo eyenzelwe ukususwa nokufakelwa ngokulula iwusombulula ngokupheleleyo lo mbandela wentlungu, okwenza izigqubuthelo zetshasi ezikhutshwa ngokukhawuleza zibe yinto eqhelekileyo!

Kwiiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso apho iiturbine zomoya zibhabha emafini kwaye iibhulorho zijikeleza imilambo, amantongomane amakhulu aneenxantathu kunye neebholithi zi "ziindawo ezibalulekileyo" ezifihliweyo kwizakhiwo zentsimbi. Ukuchaneka kwazo kokuhambelana kumisela ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo, ukuqina, kunye nokhuseleko lweprojekthi - iiturbine zomoya ziyamelana neempembelelo eziphindaphindiweyo zezivuthuvuthu, kwaye iibhulorho zithwala uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwezithuthi kunye nokuhamba kwabahambi ngeenyawo; zombini zixhomekeke kwintsebenziswano egqibeleleyo yale "qabane." Ukuqonda imithetho yegolide yokufanisa yimfuneko ephambili yokuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso ezisemgangathweni ophezulu.

Kwimveliso nolwakhiwo lobunjineli kwimizi-mveliso, ukukhetha iibholiti kudla ngokujongana nengxaki eqhelekileyo: indlela yokwenza ngcono iindleko ngelixa uqinisekisa ukusebenza okufunekayo? Xa ixabiso eliphezulu leebholiti zentsimbi engagqwali ezingama-316 libeka uxinzelelo kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweminye imisebenzi, iibholiti zentsimbi engagqwali ezingama-304 zihlala ziba yindawo ephambili yokulinganisela.

Kwimveliso yanamhlanje echanekileyo kunye noyilo lwemizi-mveliso oluphezulu, yonke inkcukacha yomphezulu wemveliso ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubume bayo ngokubanzi kunye namava omsebenzisi. Xa ulwakhiwo oluvelayo lweebholiti eziqhelekileyo luba ngumqobo obonakalayo ophazamisa ukugudiseka kwembonakalo, iibholiti zentloko ezifakwe kwi-countersunk zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, kunye neenzuzo zazo zoyilo ezikhethekileyo, ziba sisisombululo sobugcisa esiphambili sokufikelela kwiindawo ezithe tyaba ngokugqibeleleyo.

Kwicandelo lokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zemithi zanamhlanje kunye neemveliso zemithi ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukhetho lwezixhobo zokubopha luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla kunye nokuqina kweprojekthi. Phakathi kwezisombululo ezininzi zokubopha ezenziwe ngomthi, izikrufu zomthi ezineentloko ezisi-6, ezinoyilo lwazo lwemisonto eyahlukileyo, ziba lukhetho olukhethwayo kwiingcali. Loluphi uhlobo loyilo lwesayensi oluqulethwe sesi sikrufu sibonakala silula?

Isiseko sesithuthi esitsha samandla yibhetri; asikuko nje "intliziyo" yesithuthi kodwa sikwabalulekile kukhuseleko. Kule nxalenye ichanekileyo nebiza kakhulu, yonke into ibalulekile—kuquka nezo zikrufu zibonakala zincinci. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izikrufu ezidibeneyo (ingakumbi izikrufu zentloko zepani ezineewasher) ziye zaba sisisombululo esithandwayo sokubopha iibhloko zebhetri. Bubuphi ubulumko bobunjineli obusemva koku?

Ngexesha lokugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye nokuhlanganiswa ngokuchanekileyo, iinjineli zihlala zijongene nomceli mngeni oqhelekileyo: indlela yokufumana isiphumo sokubopha esikhuselekileyo, esithembekileyo, nesithandekayo kwiindawo ezixineneyo? Ingakumbi kwiindawo zokufakelwa ezibonakalayo, amantongomane emveli adla ngokubonakala emakhulu kwaye erhabaxa. Kwezi meko, uyilo olunobuchule lwamantongomane e-cap lubonisa ixabiso lawo elingenakutshintshwa.

Kwiindawo zokuvelisa iikhemikhali, izixhobo zihlala zivavanywa kakhulu—izinto ezibangela ukubola zifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo, umoya ofumileyo udlalisa isinyithi, kwaye izinto ezikhethekileyo zeekhemikhali zihlala zijongene nemida yezinto. Phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ngolo hlobo, ukukhethwa kwento edibanisayo ebonakala incinci kudla ngokugqiba ukhuseleko kunye nobomi benkqubo yonke yezixhobo. Namhlanje, siza kujonga isizathu sokuba ii-bolts zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ze-A4-80 zisisombululo esikhethwayo sokukhusela ukubola kwezixhobo zeekhemikhali.

Kwimimandla yokuvelisa oomatshini bokutya, izixhobo zamayeza, kunye neekhawuntara zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zasekhitshini, ngaba uhlala udibana nezi ngxaki? Xa ugqobhoza kwaye ucofa iiphaneli zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezikumgangatho wokutya ezinobukhulu obungaphantsi kwe-1.5mm, imisonto ithambekele kakhulu ekukhuthukeni nasekuphumeni. Ukusebenzisa izikrufu eziqhelekileyo zokuzicofa kudla ngokubangela ukuba zingaqini kakuhle, zikhululeke, okanye ziwe, okuchaphazela uzinzo lwesakhiwo sezixhobo. Izikrufu zemveli zithambekele ekugqwaleni nasekuboleni kwiindawo zokutya, nto leyo engcolisa imeko-bume yemveliso. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezinto kukhokelela ekonyukeni okuqhubekayo kweendleko zemveliso. Ezi ngxaki zoshishino ezihlala ixesha elide ngoku ekugqibeleni zinezisombululo zobungcali.

Kwi-reactors ezinkulu zeekhemikhali, imikhumbi yoxinzelelo, kunye neenkqubo zemibhobho, ukuthembeka koqhagamshelo lweflange kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lwemveliso, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Xa iibholiti zobude obuqhelekileyo zingakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemeko zokusebenza ezifuna amandla, ii-stud zentsimbi engagqwaliyo eziphindwe kabini ezinde ngokwezifiso ziba lukhetho olubalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukutywinwa okuthembekileyo ngokupheleleyo.